Journal: Frontiers in Chemistry

Article Title: Membrane-targeted schiff base derivatives overcome MRSA resistance through phosphatidylglycerol binding and ROS-mediated killing

doi: 10.3389/fchem.2026.1753350

Figure Lengend Snippet: Synthesis of Isoniazid derivatives. Conditions and reagents: (i) Ethanol, NH 2 NH 2 ⋅H 2 O, reflux, yield 86%; (ii) Ethanol, R-CHO, reflux, yield 81-91%. (A) (ethyl 4-chlorobenzoate), (B) (4-chlorobenzhydrazide), (C) (C1–C12) .

Article Snippet: We subsequently evaluated C12 against additional Gram-positive strains, including clinical isolates LN38 and LN51, as well as Bacillus subtilis ATCC 6633, Bacillus cereus CMCC 63303, Listeria monocytogenes CICC 21662, and Enterococcus faecalis ATCC 29212; as shown in , C12 maintained good antibacterial activity against these diverse strains.

Techniques: Reflux

Journal: Frontiers in Chemistry

Article Title: Membrane-targeted schiff base derivatives overcome MRSA resistance through phosphatidylglycerol binding and ROS-mediated killing

doi: 10.3389/fchem.2026.1753350

Figure Lengend Snippet: (A) Percentage of hemolysis of rabbit blood cells at various C12 concentrations. (B) Cytotoxicity of compound C12 against Vero cells after 24 h. Difference is considered significant at * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01, *** p < 0.001. Compared with the control group; # p < 0.05, ## p < 0.01, ### p < 0.001 vs. Triton X-100 group. Data are presented as means ± SEM from three independent experiments. Vancomycin (Van, 176 μM) was used as a reference drug.

Article Snippet: We subsequently evaluated C12 against additional Gram-positive strains, including clinical isolates LN38 and LN51, as well as Bacillus subtilis ATCC 6633, Bacillus cereus CMCC 63303, Listeria monocytogenes CICC 21662, and Enterococcus faecalis ATCC 29212; as shown in , C12 maintained good antibacterial activity against these diverse strains.

Techniques: Control

Journal: Frontiers in Chemistry

Article Title: Membrane-targeted schiff base derivatives overcome MRSA resistance through phosphatidylglycerol binding and ROS-mediated killing

doi: 10.3389/fchem.2026.1753350

Figure Lengend Snippet: (A) Time-kill kinetics of C12 against MRSA2. (B) Resistance development of C12 . Data are presented as means ± SEM from three independent experiments.

Article Snippet: We subsequently evaluated C12 against additional Gram-positive strains, including clinical isolates LN38 and LN51, as well as Bacillus subtilis ATCC 6633, Bacillus cereus CMCC 63303, Listeria monocytogenes CICC 21662, and Enterococcus faecalis ATCC 29212; as shown in , C12 maintained good antibacterial activity against these diverse strains.

Techniques:

Journal: Frontiers in Chemistry

Article Title: Membrane-targeted schiff base derivatives overcome MRSA resistance through phosphatidylglycerol binding and ROS-mediated killing

doi: 10.3389/fchem.2026.1753350

Figure Lengend Snippet: (A) Cytoplasmic membrane permeabilization by C12 assessed using SYTOX Green uptake. (B) Cytoplasmic membrane depolarization by C12 measured with the DiSC35 probe. * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01, *** p < 0.001. Data are presented as means ± SEM from three independent experiments. The blank control was bacteria without compound treatment.

Article Snippet: We subsequently evaluated C12 against additional Gram-positive strains, including clinical isolates LN38 and LN51, as well as Bacillus subtilis ATCC 6633, Bacillus cereus CMCC 63303, Listeria monocytogenes CICC 21662, and Enterococcus faecalis ATCC 29212; as shown in , C12 maintained good antibacterial activity against these diverse strains.

Techniques: Membrane, Control, Bacteria

Journal: Frontiers in Chemistry

Article Title: Membrane-targeted schiff base derivatives overcome MRSA resistance through phosphatidylglycerol binding and ROS-mediated killing

doi: 10.3389/fchem.2026.1753350

Figure Lengend Snippet: Effects of exogenous addition of peptidoglycan (PGN), phosphatidylglycerol (PG), phosphatidylethanolamine (PE), and cardiolipin (CL) (0–64 μg/mL) on the anti-MRSA2 activity of C12 , respectively.

Article Snippet: We subsequently evaluated C12 against additional Gram-positive strains, including clinical isolates LN38 and LN51, as well as Bacillus subtilis ATCC 6633, Bacillus cereus CMCC 63303, Listeria monocytogenes CICC 21662, and Enterococcus faecalis ATCC 29212; as shown in , C12 maintained good antibacterial activity against these diverse strains.

Techniques: Activity Assay

Journal: Frontiers in Chemistry

Article Title: Membrane-targeted schiff base derivatives overcome MRSA resistance through phosphatidylglycerol binding and ROS-mediated killing

doi: 10.3389/fchem.2026.1753350

Figure Lengend Snippet: (A) Intracellular ROS changes after the treatment of C12 on MRSA2. (B) Protein leakage caused by the treatment of C12 on MRSA2. (C) DNA leakage resulting from the treatment of C12 on MRSA2. * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01, *** p < 0.001. Data are presented as means ± SEM from three independent experiments.

Article Snippet: We subsequently evaluated C12 against additional Gram-positive strains, including clinical isolates LN38 and LN51, as well as Bacillus subtilis ATCC 6633, Bacillus cereus CMCC 63303, Listeria monocytogenes CICC 21662, and Enterococcus faecalis ATCC 29212; as shown in , C12 maintained good antibacterial activity against these diverse strains.

Techniques:

Journal: Frontiers in Chemistry

Article Title: Membrane-targeted schiff base derivatives overcome MRSA resistance through phosphatidylglycerol binding and ROS-mediated killing

doi: 10.3389/fchem.2026.1753350

Figure Lengend Snippet: Molecular docking analysis of C12 to the putative binding site of the target protein (PDB ID: 1VQQ).

Article Snippet: We subsequently evaluated C12 against additional Gram-positive strains, including clinical isolates LN38 and LN51, as well as Bacillus subtilis ATCC 6633, Bacillus cereus CMCC 63303, Listeria monocytogenes CICC 21662, and Enterococcus faecalis ATCC 29212; as shown in , C12 maintained good antibacterial activity against these diverse strains.

Techniques: Binding Assay